Arabidopsis Genome Project
Genome
• The complete set of genetic information
Genomics
• Determination of genetic information and the mechanism by which this information used by the organisms.
Arabidopsis used as a model plant.
• Small plant belongs to family Cruciferae.
• Relatively smaller and simpler genome.
• Susceptible to T-DNA insertions.
• Convenience and abundance.
• Basic similarities to other crops.
• Low amount of repetitive DNA.
• Genome size:
• Nuclear: 125Mb
• Plastid: 154Mb
• Mitochondria: 367Mb
Arabidopsis genome Analysis: Initiation and progress
• 1983 - first genetic map published
• 1988-89 - publication of RFLP maps
• 1990 - Multinational Coordinated Arabidopsis thaliana Genome project initiated
• 1991 - first YAC libraries
• 1995-96 - standard BAC and P1 libraries constructed
• 1996 - Arabidopsis Genome Initiative organized and started sequencing
• 1998 - Physical maps of all chromosomes completed
• 1999 - sequence and analysis of chromosome 2 and 4
• 2000 - sequence and analysis of chromosomes 1, 3 and 5
• 2000 - completion of whole genome sequencing
Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana
• This report includes:
§ Completed Arabidopsis genome sequences
§ Annotation of predicted genes
§ Assignment of functional categories
§ Chromosomal dynamics and architecture
§ Distribution of transposable elements and other repeats
§ Extend of lateral gene transfer from organelles
§ Comparison of the genome sequence and structure to that of other Arabidopsis accessions and plant species.
The tools and applications
• Arabidopsis researchers use and have developed a variety of tools, including:
ž Synthetic DNA markers for mapping the genome
ž Collections of useful Arabidopsis mutants
ž Specialized techniques for transforming Arabidopsis genes
ž Bioinformatic tools that capitalize on the latest computing and networking capabilities
ž Collections of genetic maps.
Arabidopsis Genome
• Small genome composed of approximately 25,500 genes
§ 5 chromosomes
§ Genome mapping project completed due to internationally coordinated program.
Thale cress
• Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia and Africa.it is found by roadside and in disturbed land.
Uses of thale cress
• Studying plant sciences, including genetics, evolution, population
genetics, and plant development.
• Useful for genetic mapping and sequencing.
• Plant transformation studies using Agrobacterium tumifaciens.
• Developmental biology studies – fluo. Protein markers
• Study of the genetic basis of phototropism, chloroplast alignment, and stomatal aperture and other blue light influenced processes.
• Plant pathology studies
• Disease resistance studies
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